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Weather control is real, but not yet worth it + Losing fleeing fish to climate change

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C C Offline
We really can control the weather - but it may not be very useful
https://www.newscientist.com/article/223...ry-useful/

EXCERPT: . . . Cloud seeding has existed as a technology since the 1940s, says Sarah Tessendorf of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. In theory, it should make more rain or snow. The idea is to spray a powder, normally silver iodide, into clouds. Each particle acts as a seed for an ice crystal, which grows around it and then falls as precipitation. However, despite decades of research it has been difficult to show that cloud seeding works.

[...] That has now changed, thanks to a project called SNOWIE (Seeded Natural and Orographic Wintertime clouds – the Idaho Experiment). ... “We have now scientific evidence that seeding of orographic clouds can increase precipitation,” says Andrea Flossmann at the University of Clermont Auvergne in Clermont-Ferrand, France. “The increase is, however, below 10 per cent.”

Tessendorf agrees there are still significant challenges. [...] Worse still, clouds vary. “The same cloud over the same watershed might have some areas of it that are seed-able and others that might not be,” says Tessendorf. In particular, seeding only works when water is “supercooled”, meaning it is still liquid at temperatures below 0°C. All this suggests that cloud seeding may not be cost-effective.... (MORE - details) ... PAPER: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917204117



Nations losing fish, fleeing due to climate change
https://www.udel.edu/udaily/2020/februar...te-change/

INTRO: As ocean warming causes fish stocks to migrate toward cooler waters to maintain their preferred thermal environment, many of the nations that rely on commercial fish species as an integral part of their economy could suffer. A new study published in Nature Sustainability from the University of Delaware, the University of California, Santa Barbara and Hokkaido University, shows that nations in the tropics — especially Northwest African nations — are especially vulnerable to this potential species loss due to climate change. Not only are tropical countries at risk for the loss of fish stocks, the study found there are not currently any adequate policy interventions to help mitigate affected countries’ potential losses.

Kimberly Oremus, assistant professor in the School of Marine Science and Policy in UD’s College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, explained that when the researchers looked at international agreements, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, they found no specific text for what happens when fish leave a country’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), a zone established to give a country national jurisdiction over a fishery resource.

That means countries could be vulnerable to economic losses, and those potential losses could make the fish populations themselves vulnerable as well. “We realized there was an incentive for countries when they lose a fish or anticipate that loss to go ahead and overfish before it leaves because otherwise, they don’t get the monetary benefits of the resource,” said Oremus... (MORE)
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