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Assessment of Utah quake + Found: Two bombs from 1935 stuck in Hawai'i volcano

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Some damage, dozens of aftershocks follow strong Utah quake
https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2020/03/...7737/?sl=5

RELEASE: Thousands of people in Salt Lake City endured dozens of aftershocks and prolonged periods without electricity after Wednesday's magnitude-5.7 earthquake. The quake caused minimal damage to some homes and businesses in the Utah capital, but officials said it caused no serious injuries. The quake, Utah's largest since 1992, was followed by nearly 100 aftershocks, including one that registered a magnitude of 4.6.

Salt Lake City International Airport has resumed operations after it was forced to close for several hours Wednesday. The earthquake cut power to tens of thousands of homes and businesses and the city's light rail and commuter train services were disrupted. T

The worst damage was seen about 15 miles west of downtown Salt Lake City in Magna, the quake's epicenter. About 100 people were displaced and police were dispatched to prevent looting. Several older buildings were damaged, including the Rescue Mission of Salt Lake and a neighboring building undergoing renovations. In some places, bricks had spilled onto the sidewalk from downtown rooftops.



Found: Two bombs from 1935 stuck in Hawai'i volcano
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-new...180974429/

EXCERPT: In February, a hiker was exploring a lava tube on Mauna Loa, an active volcano that stretches across the Island of Hawai‘i, when he stumbled across an unusual sight: two rusty bombs, wedged into the tube’s ceiling. The weapons appeared to be unexploded. Then, he tells the Tribune-Herald, “I got out of there.”

The bombs were found in a remote part of the Mauna Loa Forest Reserve—and experts know exactly how they got there. According to the United States Geological Survey, the story begins in November 1935, when Mauna Loa erupted. [...] The flow was moving quickly, and Thomas A. Jaggar, founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, had an idea of how it might be stopped: drop bombs near the lava vent, thus opening up new sources of flow and, hopefully, diverting the lava.

[...] He requested the help of the U.S. Army Air Corps, which, on December 27, 1935, dropped 40 bombs onto two target areas around the Mauna Loa vent. The flow slowed, but didn’t stop. In fact, it turned into the Hilo Forest Reserve, igniting fires that further threatened the water supply. Overnight, the flow ceased—then started back up again. Fortunately, by the morning of January 2, 1936, the flow was declared dead.

Jaggar was convinced that the bombs had done the trick. “[I]n a natural end,” he said, “the lava would not cease so abruptly." [...] But experts behind a 1970s field examination were not quite as convinced. "Ground examination of the bombing site showed no evidence that the bombing had increased viscosity, and … the cessation of the 1935 flow soon after the bombing must be considered a coincidence,” they concluded. Today, the USGS believes that “the bombing was carried out as the eruption was already waning. Bombing did not start a new flow at the source as Jaggar originally hoped … [and the flow] did not cease abruptly after the bombing but died slowly over the following week.”

Today, the topic of lava diversion is controversial. [...] What’s more, according to Robin George Andrews of the New York Times, “Many Native Hawaiians consider the destruction of volcanic land an affront to their spiritual beliefs.” Now, reports the Hawaii Tribune-Herald, the state’s Department of Land and Natural Resources plans to dispose of the unexploded bombs, bringing an end to their decades-long history on Mauna Loa and keeping unsuspecting hikers safe. (MORE - details)
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