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Even "good racism" can't base special needs on mere appearances & ethnic claims?

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SEARCH: Racial disparities in medicine & hospital care

Racial Essentialism Corrupts Medicine: The progressive Left is openly attempting to codify racial categories into education, culture, law—and now medicine. New York State has authorized health-care providers to include race in a set of risk factors to determine who qualifies for the limited quantity of life-saving Covid-19 treatments. New York City’s official guidance to providers also reads: “Longstanding systemic health and social inequities may contribute to an increased risk of getting sick and dying from COVID-19.” As a result, health-care providers in the city will now “consider race and ethnicity when assessing individual risk,” prioritizing nonwhite patients over their white counterparts. Skin color is far too broad a category to offer any meaningful insight at the individual level...
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The Actual News Topic

Genetic ancestry in precision medicine is reshaping the race debate
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2203033119

EXCERPTS: Race, ethnicity, and genetic ancestry are often used interchangeably with little consensus amongst researchers and clinicians as to how such concepts should be understood and used in clinical genetics practice. This confusion is well exemplified by skin color, a trait often used to classify people racially.

[...] And yet, scientifically speaking, skin color serves exactly as an example of how genetic variation does not fall along racial lines. ... Attempts to understand skin pigmentation variation along racial lines would lead one to believe that all Africans, which fall under the race category “Black,” exhibit the same genetic determinants of skin pigmentation. In fact, there is significant diversity in the frequency of skin pigmentation genes between populations within the African continent and across the world.

[...] There is no genetic homogeneity in social “race” groups. However, some genetic markers of ancestry should contribute to understanding patterns associated with human health. The preferential usage of genetic ancestry markers is the key point for discarding race as a category when assessing genetic targets in precision medicine. Indeed, using race instead of actual genetic ancestry in genetic and clinical studies may result in a variety of consequences, such as genetic misdiagnosis and adverse drug reactions.

[...] As we noted above, although MC1R variants have differential functions across multiple geographic areas and human populations, these variants are not mapped according to social race.

Hence, it is not sufficient to categorize subjects based on self-identified race or even just skin color to determine the risk of PD, despite what previous epidemiological data have suggested. Rather, it is essential to establish the presence or absence of specific genetic risk variants (e.g., in MC1R) that mediate such risk. If researchers develop potential treatments that target variants, such as those within MC1R, it would be impossible to properly stratify patients just based on their skin color or assigned race.

[...] therapeutic approaches that are designed based on “racial categorization” may lead to adverse drug reactions. For example, many adverse drug reactions are caused by polymorphisms in the individual’s genome that affect drug metabolism, with the frequency of such polymorphisms having been shown to vary among different populations.

[...] We need treatments based on actual and not assumed genetic variation. That means assessing the patterns of diversity that reflect the distribution of human genetic variation across the globe. To this end, genetic ancestry should be understood as a continuum that it is not categorized in such a way that serves as a surrogate for race.

Contemporary usage of continental ancestry categories (e.g., European, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Oceanic, East Asian, American, and African) serves as an example of how presumed “ancestral” geographies are assumed as equivalent to biological categories and serve as a false proxy for race. Such groupings correspond to Western racial categorizations and assume genetic homogeneity based on geographical separation, but these groupings misrepresent the actual distribution of genetic variants and neglect continuous movement of people and the resulting degree of mixture across global populations.

As precision medicine moves to the forefront of biomedical science, the scientific and medical communities must acknowledge the challenges of a lack of genetic diversity in our research pools and reference samples and prioritize efforts to reflect the global distribution of human genetic variation more accurately. The diversity of reference samples, biobanks, and datasets must be expanded to better represent the high degree of genetic diversity across populations.

In doing so, however, we must make a distinction between race and genetic ancestral diversity. Otherwise, we risk mistakenly attributing biological factors to a socially constructed reality. Failure to do so would impede an effective understanding of the genetics and genomics in human disease... (MORE - missing details)


- - - RELATED: race essentialism, critique of color blindness - - -

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_r...mon_themes

Essentialism vs. anti-essentialism: Delgado and Stefancic write, "Scholars who write about these issues are concerned with the appropriate unit for analysis: Is the black community one, or many, communities? Do middle- and working-class African-Americans have different interests and needs? Do all oppressed peoples have something in common?" This is a look at the ways that oppressed groups may share in their oppression but also have different needs and values that need to be analyzed differently. It is a question of how groups can be essentialized or are unable to be essentialized.

Critique of liberalism: First and foremost to CRT legal scholars in 1993 was their "discontent" with the way in which liberalism addressed race issues in the U.S. They critiqued "liberal jurisprudence", including affirmative action, color-blindness, role modeling, and the merit principle. Specifically, they claimed that the liberal concept of value-neutral law contributed to maintenance of the U.S.'s racially unjust social order.

[...] Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva describes this newer, subtle form of racism as "color-blind racism", which uses frameworks of abstract liberalism to decontextualize race, naturalize outcomes such as segregation in neighborhoods, attribute certain cultural practices to race, and cause "minimization of racism".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blin...#Criticism

Amy Ansell of Bard College argues that color-blindness operates under the assumption that we are living in a world that is "post-race", where race no longer matters. While the ideal that race should never be a point of consideration may be seen as desirable, the critique is that if this were true then race would not be taken into consideration even when trying to address inequality or remedy past wrongs.

[...] Fryer et al. showed that color-blind affirmative action is about as efficient as race-conscious affirmative action in the short run, but is less profitable in the long term. In 2010, Apfelbaum et al. exposed elementary school students to color-blind ideology and found that those students were less likely to detect or report instances of overt racial discrimination. The authors concluded "Color-blind messages may thus appear to function effectively on the surface even as they allow explicit forms of bias to persist."
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