Thread Rating:
  • 0 Vote(s) - 0 Average
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

Maxwell's demon still startles + 'Exotic compact objects' could soon break physics

#1
C C Offline
How Maxwell’s demon continues to startle scientists
https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-maxwe...-20210422/

EXCERPT: . . . In 1982, the American physicist Charles Bennett put the pieces of the puzzle together. He realized that Maxwell’s demon was at core an information-processing machine: It needed to record and store information about individual particles in order to decide when to open and close the door. Periodically it would need to erase this information. According to Landauer’s erasure principle, the rise in entropy from the erasure would more than compensate for the decrease in entropy caused by the sorting of the particles. “You need to pay,” said Gonzalo Manzano, a physicist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Vienna. The demon’s need to make room for more information inexorably led to a net increase in disorder... (MORE - details)


'Exotic compact objects' could soon break physics, new study suggests
https://www.livescience.com/exotic-compa...ysics.html

EXCERPT: . . . The term "exotic compact object" encompasses a variety of different theoretical entities. Among the possibilities are gravastars, which would appear quite similar to an ordinary black hole but would be filled with dark energy, a mysterious substance causing the accelerated expansion of the universe. Another compact object that could lurk in the universe is a fuzzball, a black-hole-like knot of fundamental one-dimensional strings proposed in string theory, which attempts to unify and replace the current accepted theories in physics.

The thing that connects exotic compact objects is that, unlike a black hole, they should lack a region known as an event horizon, Longo said. According to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, the event horizon is a sphere surrounding a black hole beyond which any trip becomes one-way. Objects can slip inside the event horizon but nothing can come out of it — not even light.

But scientists know that Einstein's theory of relativity will one day have to be replaced. Though the theory is extraordinarily successful at describing gravity and massive cosmic entities, it says nothing about the behavior of subatomic particles. For that, physicists turn to quantum mechanics.

The hope is to eventually have a theory of quantum gravity that supersedes both relativity and quantum mechanics. Exotic compact objects, which would be like a black hole but lack an event horizon, could help provide the necessary information to start constructing this future theory.

"They will break with general relativity because they won't give rise to one of its key predictions," Longo said, referring to the event horizon. "In this sense we would be testing Einstein's theory of gravitation."

As two black holes crash and merge, they spin around one another, warping space-time and sending out gravitational waves, which can ring LIGO's detectors on Earth. After they meet, the event horizon prevents additional waves from escaping outward, Longo said.

But because exotic compact objects would lack an event horizon, some gravitational waves could fall inward towards the object's center and then bounce back, creating gravitational echoes that leak outward, he added. These echoes are too faint for LIGO and Virgo to detect right now, but the facilities are currently being upgraded for increased sensitivity, and they’ve been joined by the Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) in Japan, which became operational last year.

Longo and his colleagues have calculated that during the gravitational wave detectors' next observation run, set to begin in the summer of 2022, LIGO and its counterparts could be sensitive enough to pick up the signal from one or two exotic compact objects, if they exist. Longo will present his team's findings at the American Physical Society's April meeting on April 19... (MORE - details)
Reply


Possibly Related Threads…
Thread Author Replies Views Last Post
  Research Testing quantum nature of large objects + Overlooked uncertainty in real world C C 1 71 Jan 16, 2024 06:51 PM
Last Post: Magical Realist
  Article More on Pines' demon + Boundary of the quantum world + Möbius strip mystery solved C C 0 80 Oct 11, 2023 05:22 PM
Last Post: C C
  Article Demon quasiparticle is detected 67 years after it was first proposed C C 0 69 Sep 5, 2023 04:06 PM
Last Post: C C
  Article All TOEs likely wrong + Too soon to dump string theory + "Shakeup" by new symmetry C C 1 98 Apr 24, 2023 08:01 AM
Last Post: Kornee
  Article At light speed, Einstein’s equations break down and "nothing makes sense" C C 11 374 Mar 23, 2023 02:24 PM
Last Post: Kornee
  Quantum entanglement directly observed at macroscopic scale + Maxwell’s demon reboot C C 4 303 Oct 23, 2022 12:53 AM
Last Post: confused2
  Kokichi Sugihara's Impossible Objects Yazata 2 241 Oct 14, 2022 07:01 PM
Last Post: Magical Realist
  This exotic particle had an out-of-body experience; scientists took a picture of it C C 0 91 Aug 25, 2021 06:36 PM
Last Post: C C
  Case of the missing antimatter: There could be 14 objects made of it in the Milky Way C C 1 199 May 1, 2021 02:31 AM
Last Post: Syne
  GR rebukes again + Quest for what bars Q superpositions from large scale objects C C 2 180 Oct 16, 2020 10:05 PM
Last Post: confused2



Users browsing this thread: 1 Guest(s)