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Time Dilation from First Principles

#11
Jon Bain Offline
(Oct 23, 2018 11:48 PM)confused2 Wrote: Choose your own first principle(s). This is one of my party pieces so it would be nice to see any links or favourite derivations first.

My own first principle is logic.
Example: If A>B then B<A.
So if TA and TB are durations of time that two objects A and B observe
then
we cannot have A>B and B>A 
within an equivalent time frame between 2 events that A and B both incur.

NOW!

Consider this:
http://www.flight-light-and-spin.com/rel...medilation

Now what insults were used to convince you of the validity of relativity?
Lets hear them:
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#12
confused2 Offline
Syne Wrote:The laws of physics could easily be the same in all frames without the speed of light being invariant, just like any other relative speed is not invariant between frames.
My slippery answer is...
From Maxwell's Equations 'we' get
c=1/√(εμ)
See (for example) https://www.wikihow.com/Derive-the-Speed...-Equations

So, unless ε (vacuum permittivity) and μ (vacuum permeability) are the result of something outside the laws of physics it is sufficient for ε and μ to be the same in every frame (which follows from the laws of physics being the same in every frame) for it to follow that the speed of light will be the same in every frame.

On a good day I think my slippery answer would be a winner.

On an ordinary day I would say I think Maxwell's equations 'somehow' (statistically) encapsulate a quantum phenomenon and the quantum phenomenon is bizarre.

Rather than fall into Bizarro Universe I'll take the speed of light being the same in every frame as either a postulate or a law of physics - mostly because it's such a convenient way to probe the geometry of spacetime. The geometry of spacetime is the goose that lays the eggs. If you have a goose that doesn't lay eggs you might pause to wonder how that goose got there in the first place.

Hi Jon Bain - a new player - welcome. I'll look at your link as soon as I have time.
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#13
Syne Offline
(Oct 26, 2018 11:41 PM)confused2 Wrote:
Syne Wrote:The laws of physics could easily be the same in all frames without the speed of light being invariant, just like any other relative speed is not invariant between frames.
My slippery answer is...
From Maxwell's Equations 'we' get
c=1/√(εμ)
See (for example) https://www.wikihow.com/Derive-the-Speed...-Equations

So, unless ε (vacuum permittivity) and μ (vacuum permeability) are the result of something outside the laws of physics it is sufficient for ε and μ to be the same in every frame (which follows from the laws of physics being the same in every frame) for it to follow that the speed of light will be the same in every frame.

This relation can be derived using Maxwell's equations of classical electromagnetism in the medium of classical vacuum, but this relation is used by BIPM (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) as a definition of ε0 in terms of the defined numerical values for c and μ0, and is not presented as a derived result contingent upon the validity of Maxwell's equations.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_per...omagnetism


IOW, epsilon nought, mu naught, and c are all physical constants, none of which depending on Maxwell's equation for their validity. The equation just expresses the relationship, and any such equation can be rearranged to solve for any of the variables. If the speed of light were not invariant, or even infinite, that would just mean that Maxwell's equation would not hold. You cannot use constants which might not be invariant if c were not to prove that c is. Constants are just brute physical facts.




(Oct 26, 2018 11:30 PM)Jon Bain Wrote: My own first principle is logic.
Example: If A>B then B<A.
So if TA and TB are durations of time that two objects A and B observe
then
we cannot have A>B and B>A
within an equivalent time frame between 2 events that A and B both incur.

NOW!

Consider this:
http://www.flight-light-and-spin.com/rel...medilation

Now what insults were used to convince you of the validity of relativity?
Lets hear them:

Let's start by putting it nicely. Most physics theories that begin with logic alone tend to lacking.
The A and B rockets moving toward C example comes to the wrong conclusion by overtly not allowing any frame to make direct observations of any other, thus not allowing any transformation that would expose the Lorentz factor. It relies solely on what each frame reports about itself, and of course, symmetrically moving frames will "report" identical times to C. The question Special Relativity addresses is how they view other frames, not how they view their own. This example does not even attempt to do that. If it did, it would be obvious that:
From A's frame, A reaches C before B...because A considers itself at rest and B, moving relatively faster than C, has the greater time dilation, taking longer.
From B's frame, B reaches C before A...because B considers itself at rest and A, moving relatively faster than C, has the greater time dilation, taking longer.
From C's frame, the times, AT and BT, reported by each are both shorter than the time as measured by C...because both are moving relative to C.

Every other example from that link suffers from similarly faulty arguments that ignore the relevant experimental evidence in favor of incredulous reasoning. And while it may be someone's honest attempt at understanding, it is unequivocally crackpot.
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#15
confused2 Offline
The link CC gave an excellent linj to a light clock which is better than what follows ( http://www.hep.shef.ac.uk/edaw/PHY206/Si...06lec2.pdf ) the only reason for this method is that the algebra is simpler and it keeps the speed of light in plain sight.

On a beach there is a fun-fair. To advertise the fun someone has set up a pulsed laser at the bottom of a tall pole (of height p). There are ballons all the way up the pole (see 0) and they light up as the pulse travels up the pole. To the eye it looks like they all light up at the same time but in reality the light travels at velocity c and it takes a time t=p/c to reach the top. So light-light-light-light up to the top of the pole.
The fabulous furry freak brothers happen to be passing in a fast (very fast) van. Phineas (the driver) sees the balloon at the bottom of the pole light, and the next one, and the next but because the van is moving past the pole the flashes he sees aren't quite one above the other. By the time the pulse reaches the top of the pole the van has advanced a distance q which is the speed of the van (v) times the time T it took the pulse to reach the top of the pole. The * aren't quite what Phineas actually sees - they are the location of the pulse in the same frame as the van - if you find that too serious a flaw you need to go back to the full light clock which also has the advantage of using only one clock in each frame. This is no more than a quick and dirty example of "The speed of light is the same in every frame.". The guys on the beach use t for time and Phineas uses T for his time - they aren't the same - the object of the exercise is to show the relationship between them.

Anything not clear I'd appreciate being asked - this is a party piece which (maybe) gets better every time.
Code:
q=(vT)
*      0
  *    0
  r*   0p
    *  0
     * 0
      *0
Fig 1 - general plan


Code:
+
0*
0 *
0  *
p0  * r
0    *
0-----*
   q=vT

Fig 2 - a slightly different general plan

Distance (height of pole) = velocity © x time (t)
p=ct (1)
or
p²=c²t² (2)
p² will come in later

From Pythagoras
r²=p²+q² (3)

The pulse travelled distance r in time cT.
Distance (hypoteuse r) = velocity © x time (T) <- same c different distance ® and time (T)

Substituting c²T² for r² and q² where q was vT
c²T²=v²T²+p² (4)
Change ends - there is no (5)
v²T²+p²= c²T² (6)
Subtract v²T² from both sides
p²= c²T²- v²T² (7)
extract T²
p²= T²(c²- v²) (8)
plug in p² (=c²t²) from (2) which is the distance the light travelled in the beach frame
c²t²= T²(c²- v²) (9)
Divide by c²
t²= T²(1- v²/c²) (10)
take the square root
t= T√(1- v²/c²) (11)

√(1- v²/c²) is less than one so less time passes on the beach than in the van - in particular it takes less time for the pulse to reach the top of the pole in the beach frame (than in the van frame) because the speed of light is the same in every frame.
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