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On the genesis of shape: There is no magic in remote synchronization

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https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/...082318.php

EXCERPT: In some physical systems, even elements quite distant from one another are able to synchronize their actions. At a first glance, the phenomenon looks rather mysterious. Using a network of simple electronic oscillators interconnected as a ring, researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow have shown that, in fact, remote synchronization can, at least in certain cases, be explained quite clearly.

The most fascinating physical, chemical and biological processes are probably those in which "something" comes from "nothing". For example, why do concentric rings suddenly appear in a seemingly homogeneous layer of liquid, as in the case of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction? Why can a hydra have many tentacles, always arranged so regularly? Why in a network of a dozen or so simple electronic oscillators connected in a ring, do some remote elements suddenly start to operate in the same rhythm? At the root of similar phenomena across such different systems there are universal, though still poorly understood, mechanisms of synchronizing the activity of a system's components. The nuances of one of these mechanisms have just been explained by scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow, in close collaboration with colleagues from the University of Palermo and the University of Catania in Italy.

Synchronization leading to the birth of shape (representing a form of morphogenesis) can occur in systems of diverse nature, and various mechanisms may be responsible for its occurrence. A metaphor of a representative situation is that in a fairly uniform group of guests who do not know one another at a large party, clearly visible groups of similar interests form quickly, within which the people spend most of the time talking to each other. This type of phenomenon - the result of specific features of certain elements or arising from accidental events - is referred to as cluster synchronization. It is present in many physical systems, for example between neurons in the human brain.

"In our latest research, we have been dealing with an instance of a related type of synchronization: remote synchronization. This is when elements or groups of elements that are not directly connected with each other synchronize their activity, but do so without entraining the other elements through which the synchronization information is propagated. It resembles a situation where two people exchange information with each other through a courier, but the courier not only cannot read the contents of the messages, but is often quite oblivious to the existence of a hidden message," explains Dr. Ludovico Minati (IFJ PAN), the main author of the publication in the well-known scientific journal Chaos.

Various occurrences of remote synchronization have been described to date, and remote synchronization is deemed to occur for instance between areas of the brain distant from one another, between meteorological phenomena over different continents, and even between elements of electronic circuits....

MORE: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/...082318.php
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