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Why men and women feel pain differently

#1
C C Offline
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/wo...story.html

EXCERPTS: . . . Yet the vast majority of clinical and experimental research shows a surprising finding: females are more sensitive to pain than males. This is true when tested for in the lab. Whether pricked with a pin prick, touched with an electrical probe, exposed to a caustic chemical, or asked to hold a heat probe or dunk their hand in freezing water, the majority of studies show that females experience more pain more quickly than males.

These findings also hold true in the real world.

Some of these differences come down to how pain is processed differently between males and females. Initial research focused on the role hormones play: Testosterone reduces sensitivity to distress, and individuals undergoing male-to-female transition who receive estrogen and testosterone blockers experience an increased frequency of migraines. More recent work, however, appears to suggest that differences in the immune system mediate differences in how noxious signals travel across the bodies of males and females. The experience of pain and access to its relief is not just affected by biology but many other factors, as well...

[...] multiple studies show that women are more likely to be prescribed opioids, in higher doses, and for longer periods than men. (The reason may be because chronic pain is more common among women than men and women are more likely to seek medical care for their ailments.)

Scant research has been performed in understanding women’s pain, and part of that is because of medical researchers’ historical tendency to ignore diseases that exclusively afflict women. [...] But attitudes are changing. Emerging research is raising the possibility of therapies tailored to providing comfort to painful conditions that heavily afflict women.

Migraines, for instance, are much more frequent in females. A new category of medications inhibits CGRP, a molecule associated with more pain in females than males. There is increasing hope that this category of medications might help women with a variety of painful conditions beyond migraines. More research that uncovers why males and females hurt differently could provide insights into alleviating suffering for both sexes... (MORE - missing details)
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#2
confused2 Offline
Mrs C2 always carries paracetamol to keep whatever hurts her under control.
I last had a painkiller for a hernia operation. Apparently an Indian * potion that hurts so much (sure does) when injected that anything that comes afterwards seems like nothing. It was just within my zone of fight or flight - I wonder if they use the same potion on women.

*Could be any sort of Indian - I didn't ask.

I looked for this Indian potion on the Internet and can't find any mention of it. I'm pretty sure they were real doctors and nurses but you can never be absolutely sure.

Possibly capsaicin.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/18/21/8947

Quote:Intradermal injection of capsaicin quickly deposits a quantified amount directly into human skin. This produces a sensation of intense burning pain and hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimuli (Simone et al., 1987, 1989; LaMotte et al., 1991, 1992), followed by a rapid desensitization characterized by diminished pain sensation at the site of application (LaMotte et al., 1991). Electrophysiological studies have shown that shortly after intradermal injection of capsaicin, C-fiber polymodal nociceptors can become insensitive to mechanical and heat stimuli (Baumann et al., 1991). Furthermore, this effect of capsaicin is well localized to the injection site because only the portion of the receptive field exposed to capsaicin becomes desensitized. Thus, diminished pain sensation at the site of capsaicin injection is attributed to desensitization of nociceptors.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/18/21/8947

From a site I didn't particularly like
Quote:pepper is a traditional torture in some regions, but it’s a torture that was traditionally used predominantly against women and children.
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