The Discrimination Paradox

[C C]

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/...on-paradox

INTRO: Recent research has found that only small minorities of people engaged in racial or ethnic discrimination, ranging from a low of 1.3 percent to a high of 20 percent. These numbers are so low, they might be interpreted as something like, "Discrimination is so infrequent as to be trivial." Next, I show, rigorously and mathematically, why that is not justified.

There is no single number for the amount of discrimination a group experiences. Discrimination varies in type (hate crimes, harassment, exclusion, etc.) and, there are many different methods for assessing discrimination, which often yield different estimates.

Still, to illustrate The Discrimination Paradox, I need to use an actual number. How to choose? Some of the most influential investigations of discrimination are called “audit studies.” In these, two candidates who differ demographically, but who are matched for qualifications apply for jobs, college admissions, bank loans, apartment rentals, etc. One of the best single numbers was provided by a meta-analysis of audit studies of racial discrimination in employment (Quillian et al, 2017). Meta-analyses combine results from many studies. The Quillian et al study found that White applicants received, on average, 36 percent more callbacks for jobs than did African Americans, and that the extent of discrimination has not changed over many decades. This is about as credible as an estimate of discrimination gets (though go here for critical analysis of audit studies).

Resolving the Paradox. If acts of discrimination are rare, how does one get a 36 percent advantage for White applicants? In the following examples... (MORE)

[Zinjanthropos]

To what extent do religions discriminate? How would you know if you’ve been discriminated against because of your religion or lack of? Is there a word for it?

[Syne]

If acts of discrimination are rare, how does one get a 36 percent advantage for White applicants?

Because black people being criminals, shitty employees, etc. is not rare. Things like employment discrimination is likely based on actual experience with former black employees, on their merit, not any kind of racial animus.

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To what extent do religions discriminate? How would you know if you’ve been discriminated against because of your religion or lack of? Is there a word for it?

Why, have you felt excluded by religions?

[C C]

To what extent do religions discriminate? How would you know if you’ve been discriminated against because of your religion or lack of?

https://www.aclu.org/issues/religious-li...scriminate

Is there a word for it?

use of religion to discriminate

infideliphobia

faith-based exclusionism

militant theism (when used to deny)

religious correctness (when used to deny)

blasphemy laws (when used to deny or persecute)

sectarian elitism (when used as grounds to deny)

creed conformism (when used to deny)

[Syne]

https://www.aclu.org/issues/religious-li...scriminate

Having moral standards (like morality causes in sports contracts) is not discrimination. Immorality is not a protected class, no matter how much the left may try to equate some immorality to a particular class.

[Leigha]

I can't help but wonder if Republicans/conservatives are often discriminated against when it comes to looking for a job, since the Trump era. It's very easy to Google someone's name after receiving their resume, and if possible, see their political party affiliation. I'd say to Republicans, if you're talented at what you do, have an amazing resume, but aren't getting any responses from employers to your job searches, that might be the reason.

There's no way to even prove that, unfortunately.

[Syne]

I can't help but wonder if Republicans/conservatives are often discriminated against when it comes to looking for a job, since the Trump era. It's very easy to Google someone's name after receiving their resume, and if possible, see their political party affiliation. I'd say to Republicans, if you're talented at what you do, have an amazing resume, but aren't getting any responses from employers to your job searches, that might be the reason.

There's no way to even prove that, unfortunately.

Well, we do know at least a few whole sectors that do discriminate against Republicans, like Hollywood, TV, news media, academia, etc.. Outside of such, it largely depends on where you live. There's likely less discrimination against Republicans in red states. But yeah, online anonymity has its value.

[Zinjanthropos]

If everyone was exactly the same genetically/physically would we’d find some way to discriminate? Is discrimination the human version of animal pecking order? Most critters seem to develop a hierarchy or level of superiority over their own kind so why not us? Have we evolved to be discriminatory and if so then is it in our (human race) best interest to be that way?

[C C]

If everyone was exactly the same genetically/physically would we’d find some way to discriminate? Is discrimination the human version of animal pecking order? Most critters seem to develop a hierarchy or level of superiority over their own kind so why not us? Have we evolved to be discriminatory and if so then is it in our (human race) best interest to be that way?

"Discrimination is the backbone of identification and sapience."

Discriminating that one object or that one collective set of environmental states is different from another is the basis of cognitive activity. Perception or acquiring sensory data would be pointless if not broken down into distinctions. Even identical copies of manufactured figurines all standing upright in a room would be mapped with different spatial locations.

Next comes assigning varying values to those separation-makings. Preference is a foundation of intelligence. And of a rising incline of proto-volitional behaviors groping toward the biases of decision-making, like a sheep choosing to eat grass instead of rocks, because the former enables it to survive. (Though, again, that's still at the instinct phase of the physiological system rather than an individual's personal experiences, sub-cultural programming, and illnesses coming into play, that can stray from herd conformity.)

Note that this is apart from the mindless, lawful-like regularities and forces of nature in general that might be misconstrued as selecting predictably: like an apple falling downward rather than floating upwards when released, in typical terrestrial conditions.

[Syne]

If everyone was exactly the same genetically/physically would we’d find some way to discriminate? Is discrimination the human version of animal pecking order? Most critters seem to develop a hierarchy or level of superiority over their own kind so why not us? Have we evolved to be discriminatory and if so then is it in our (human race) best interest to be that way?

They're called competence/dominance hierarchies. It's just a fact of a merit-based reality, where the most capable will be the most able to exert control.
Unlike this ad:

https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/sfHYnKMVrfw

The real world doesn't equally distribute talent and it does more equally distribute opportunity, to those capable of taking advantage of it. If the world equally distributed talent, everyone would be an Elon Musk or Jeff Bezos.

Merit-based "superiority" is not discrimination. It's just the way an inherently competitive reality works. But those without talent, competence, or dominance are going to whine about it.