(Nov 26, 2016 07:42 PM)Magical Realist Wrote: [ -> ]But I don't want to believe in reincarnation.
You don't have to. Nobody's forcing you. (I don't really believe in it myself.)
The way I see it, reincarnation is basically an ethical doctrine, associated in the Indian tradition with the idea of karma. That basically means 'actions have consequences', particularly moral consequences.
It's similar to the Christian and Islamic idea of post-mortem judgement.
Imagine a thriving sinner, somebody who is deeply and fundamentally evil but nevertheless lives a prosperous and comfortable life. Now imagine a suffering saint, somebody who is absolutely blameless but lives a short and exceedingly painful life.
We have all seen those kind of things happen.
So how do we respond? Do we accept that the universe is a fundamentally unfair place? Do we deny moral values entirely? Or what?
To answer that, the 'Abrahamic' religions imagined that God judges everyone after they die and gives them whatever they truly deserve. The thriving sinner gets the punishment he/she deserves after death, while the suffering saint gets his/her just reward.
But there are a couple of problems with that. One of them is things like birth-defects. What accounts for that, since these infants haven't had time to do anything that they need to be punished so severely for? Is it a test of some kind? Does God have an extremely twisted sense of humor? Reincarnation addresses this by imagining that these babies did something in a previous existence that warrants their sad fate in this one.
Another problem with the Middle-Eastern postmortem judgement model is that once people are supposedly in heaven eternally, they can be as shitty as they want up there, without any fear of any additional repercussions. Gods in particular are imagined as laws unto themselves, immune from facing any consequences for their actions. The Indian version of reincarnation address this by imagining that all sentient beings are mortal and accrue karma. Gods are just very long-lived, powerful and live in an exceedingly luxurious heavenly realm. But even gods grow old and die eventually. They managed to become gods by accruing vast amounts of 'good karma' in earlier lives, but can fall out of heaven again if their subsequent actions deserve it. So even gods are on the wheel of rebirth and have future lives to think about.
And equally, hell-demons can rise up out of hell if they deserve it and their behavior warrants it. That addresses a third problem. If hell is eternal and there's no chance of escape, what about sinners who reform and becomes absolutely saintly down there in hell? Shouldn't that count for something?
So far this is an account of reincarnation as it was widely conceived by the Vedic tradition at the time of the early Upanishads and which was adopted by Buddhism and Jainism as their default ethical view.
In Buddhism things get much more complicated, philosophically speaking, when the no-self doctrine is added. If there isn't any substantial 'me', then what is it what transmigrates? In Buddhism it's basically a causal stream in which states at time A cause states at time B, which cause... It sounds a little like modern science, except that traditional Buddhism is phenomenalist instead of physicalist. These aren't physical states, they are states of awareness. But there isn't any substantial self that possesses the awareness, no mysterious 'atman' or Cartesian-style mind-substance that persists from life to life or even from moment to moment within a life. There's just awareness states causing awareness states causing awareness states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma